Product group code: 10400000
Chrysanthemum
March 2024
Internal Quality
External Quality
Edible Products
Legal Provisions
Quality and Grading Criteria
Quality and Grading Criteria
Quality Groups Based on Inspection Codes
Packing Requirements
Indentification Requirements
Recommendations
Penalty
The quality criteria listed below apply to all species, varieties and cultivars that are supplied as cut flowers intended for direct use by the consumer and are supplied and traded at auctions belonging to the Association of Dutch Flower Auctions (VBN) and the Rhein-Maas Auction.
All products traded at the auctions are intended exclusively for decorative purposes and are not intended for internal consumption unless otherwise expressly mentioned on the product. Incorrect application, consumption, contact with and/or sensitivity to the products can lead to harmful consequences for humans and/or animals.
These regulations have arisen in response to requirements regarding quality, grading, packing and descriptions. These requirements can only be diverged from if this is expressly agreed between the grower and buyer and if this agreement has been drawn up by the intermediary agency of a VBN auction. All products traded through the VBN auctions, without there being a specific agreement between grower and buyer, should meet the minimum requirements set out below.
If the products do not meet these requirements, they will not be traded and, where necessary, destroyed.
Pre-treatment
- A quantity of cut flowers are required to be pre-treated. The product specifications indicate whether and which pre-treatment is required or recommended.
- Cut flowers without any further product specific requirements and supplied on water in a cut flower container must be pre-treated using pre-treatment containing the active ingredient sodium dichlorisocyanurate (code 11 on the label of the product). Dosage: 1 tablet per 3 litres of water, according to the legal instructions for use on the label. Except for Protea where it is required to pre-treat with code 40 or code 41 on the label.
- The products Deutzia, Philaldelphus and Spiraea don’t need to be pre-treated.
Pre-treatment with STS
- Cut flowers standing in water with STS (STS solution) may not be supplied.
- Pre-treatment is verified by measuring the minimum concentration of STS in the flower bud in accordance with the VBN protocol "Verification of the pre-treatment of cut flowers". In connection with the environmentally harmful characteristics of silver, used STS solutions may not be dumped in surface water. The solution may not be dumped until it has been neutralised with the supplied neutralising agents. The neutralised solution may only be dumped via the sewer system. The sediment (residue) must be brought to government-designated sites (Small Chemical Waste Depot).
Pre-treatment with Chlorine or Aluminium Sulfate
- Cut flowers pre-treated with agents containing the active ingredient chlorine or aluminium sulphate must be supplied standing in water with pre-treatment agent.
- Pre-treatment is verified by taking samples of the supply water or by determining the bacteria count in accordance with the VBN protocol "Verification of the pre-treatment of cut flowers".
- All cut flowers offered for sale must meet at least the requirements set for B1 value after trading and will retain this value for some time.
- All cut flowers must also be of such a quality that it can reasonably be expected that the flowers will still have ornamental value after trading and will retain this value for some time.
- All chrysanthemums should be visually free of living manifestations of the Leaf Miner (Liriomyza and Phytomyza);
- All chrysanthemums should be 95% free of the Leaf Miner;
- Spray chrysanthemums and Santini should have at least 3 bloomable buds;
- The maximum length grading code for the stems of Santini is 55 (code 055);
- The maximum diameter of the fully-opened flower of Santini is 40 mm.
- The lowest minimum maturity requirement means that the inflorescence has to have reached minimum development as shown in photo stage 1.
- The greatest maximum maturity requirement means that the flowers should show no sign of ageing or of having finished flowering. This stage is more mature than what is shown in photo 5.
- Minimum maturity for the disbud chrysanthemum is maturity stage 1 (half-opened bud);
- Minimum maturity for the spray chrysanthemum and Santini is maturity stage 1 (3 half-opened buds).
The rules given below apply to products that are suitable for consumption at the time of trading.
- Suppliers must be able to demonstrate that the legal requirements have been met and independent sampling has been ensured. The following are compliant:
- Global Gap, Fruit and Vegetables;
- A demonstrably comparable system.
- During trading the company’s certification must be visible.
- During trading it must be clear that the plants are edible.
- ‘Edible plants or plant parts’ are specified with the quality code S77 ‘edible/not edible’. There are the following options:
- Code 1 Suitable for human consumption
- Code 2 Edible plant
- Code 3 Edible fruits
- Code 4 Edible flowers
- Code 6 Produces edible fruits
The supplier can also specify this visibly on the product information, using a stick-in or hanging label, a (printed) sleeve or a (printed) pot etc.
- Products that are obviously edible (e.g. kitchen herbs) must not be traded as ‘not for human consumption’. These products may only be sold as ‘edible’ and must meet the applicable product requirements.
- When they are being traded, edible products must comply with the set applicable European MRLs. Please refer to the EU Pesticides database website for the correct information. To find out whether a particular active substance has been authorised for use, please refer to the Board for the Authorisation of Plant Protection Products and Biocides website (College voor de toelating van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen en biociden, toelatingsinstantie voor Nederland, www.ctgb.nl).
Labelling
- The applicable EU mandatory labelling of the quality of vegetables and fruit applies to the following 8 edible plants:
- Thyme
- Basil
- Melissa
- Mint
- Oregano/wild marjoram
- Rosemary
- Sage
- Chive
- Mandatory labelling for food safety applies to other edible flowers/plants if the possibility exists of consumption at the moment of trading (e.g. ripe strawberries on a plant).
- When intended for use as food and packaged as such (e.g. pot of chives in a sleeve, or set of 6 kitchen herbs), each unit (pot or set) must have a label that complies with the following requirements:
- The label/the sticker is clearly visible;
- Stick-in labels must be securely placed and clearly visible;
- Name of the product is specified;
- Country of origin is given (e.g. COO The Netherlands);
- Name and address details of the packer/sender are stated on each individual sleeve/pot (just an e-mail address or URL is not permitted). It is recommended to include the GlobalGAP number as well. The name and address details of the packer/sender may be replaced by the name and address details of the seller (for example, a retailer or foreign buyer) in combination with the supplier's code of the packer/sender. This supplier's code must be known in advance by the KCB.
- Products intended for use as a garden plant (e.g. for transplanting in the garden) do not have to be labelled. The plants must meet the other requirements for edible plants (Global GAP Fruit and Vegetables label or comparable label).
- For the complete regulations, refer to the EU Regulation concerning the provision of food information (EU Regulation).
Potentially edible products that are traded as ‘not for consumption’
- When trading ‘not edible products’ from a plant group that contains both edible and not edible products, the supplier must specify this with quality code S77 (edible/not edible) with code 9 = not for consumption. It is mandatory to display “not for consumption” visibly on the product in the product information, using a stick-in or hanging label, a (printed) sleeve or a (printed) pot, etc. An example of a potentially edible product that can be traded as not for consumption is Capsicum annuum (ornamental pepper).
Batches offered for auction must meet the requirements below (in order to be traded as A1).
- The batch must be of good internal quality;
- The batch must be fresh;
- The batch must be visually free of animal and/or plant parasites;
- The batch must be free of harmful effects and/or damage from animal and/or plant parasites;
- The batch must be free of damage, deficiencies, deviations and/or contamination in:
- flower/inflorescence/bud;
- branch/stem;
- leaf/needle/thorn.
- The batch must be of good form, composition and flower and leaf colour;
- The undermost 10 cm of the stems must be free of leaves;
- The stems must be straight and sturdy enough to bear the flower;
- The batch must be uniform in colour, thickness, sturdiness and bouquet volume;
- The batch must be properly packed;
- Products that are offered for sale per bunch as unit of sale (instead of per stem) must comprise at least 3 branches/stems per bunch.
If a batch shows a deviation from one or more of the mentioned requirements, the batch can be auctioned with a qualification (and pertaining inspection code). The seriousness of the deviation determines whether the batch is traded:
- without a negative qualification;
- with a minor comment (an even inspection code);
- with a serious comment (an odd inspection code).
A comment is given on the basis of the tables below.
Overview 1 negative comments for deviations from the requirements mentioned in quality and grading criteria', except for the deviations mentioned in overview 2
Overview 2 negative comments for deviations involving miner leaf
If the grade differs 1 class, a slight or moderate deviation is indicated. A serious deviation is indicated in grades differing 2 or more classes. This does not hold for products that must be sorted on the basis of maturity and the maturity stage must be specified in the grading code. If, in those cases, the maturity is incorrectly specified in the grading code, this will be corrected and the auction may impose sanctions.
- Flowers are graded in length classes in increments of 5 cm;
- The maximum allowed difference in length between the shortest and the longest stem in one bunch is 3.0 cm;
- The stem is measured from where it was cut up to and including the uppermost flower(bud);
- The length of the shortest stem, rounded down is indicated;
- The length grade is given during trading by using characteristics code S20.
- Sorting on maturity is given during trading by using characteristics code S05. The spread of maturity within the lot is shown, whereby the second figure denotes the lowest maturity occurring in the lot (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5), while the third figure indicates the greatest maturity found in the lot (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
- When maturity codes are being used, no inspection codes will be provided in reference to maturity or differences in maturity.
- When maturity codes are not being used, inspection codes can be used in reference to maturity or differences in maturity.
- With those products where the usual maturity coding is not applicable (for instance seed boxes), code 099 (not applicable) should be used.
The overview below is provided to illustrate this
Overview 3 sorting on maturity
Depending of the product a grading according to other aspects may occur, such as number of buds, length of inflorescence, flower diameter, cultivation method, shape of cutflowers, number of clusters etc.
Number of flower buds:
- Graded according to the number of minimum flower buds in grading classes 1,2,3,4 etc.
- If flowers are graded in a class with the designation "and up" (upgrading), on average 5 stems per bunch of 10 stems must then have more than the minimum number of buds.
- The number of flower buds is givenduring the trade by using characteristics code S22. The code indicates the lowest number of buds per stem in the batch.
Length of inflorescence:
- Flowers are graded in classes in increments of 5 cm.
- The length is measured from the point of attachment of the lowest flower(bud) up to the top of the inflorescence and rounded down.
- During trade the grade on length of inflorescence is given by using characteristics code S29. The length of the shortest inflorescence, graded down, is to be mentioned.
The following supplementary requirements apply:
- The lot should be free of growth defects including:
- irregularly formed disc florets or ray florets;
- forked branches.
- The lot should be free of heels (in particular the outdoor chrysanthemum);
- The branches in each lot should be visually uniform;
- All chrysanthemums longer than 60 cm should have the bottom 15 cm of the stem stripped of leaves (defoliated). With the exception of the Santini and chrysanthemums shorter than 60 cm, the General regulations for Cut Flowers applies (10 cm defoliate).
Additional requirements for Santini:
- The branches should have at least 6 flowers and/or buds. A slight deviation is considered 4 - 5 buds. A substantial deviation is 3 buds.
Chrysanthemums should be sorted according to:
- Length;
- Weight;
- Maturity.
Disbud chrysanthemums and spray chrysanthemums from the glasshouse should be graded on branch weight, where:
- they are sorted in weight grading increments of 5 grams;
- the average branch weight in the lot is reported with quality code S21;
- all bunches in a lot should have a weight that is at least 85% and no more than 120% of the given branch weight of the lot multiplied by the number of branches per bunch;
- the content of all boxes in the lot should at least meet the given average branch weight.
Santini should, in addition, be graded on bundle weight (S35), where they are graded in weight grading increments of 50 grams.
Overview 1 grading on branch weight
Overview 2 grading on bundle weight
Weight Table Chrysanthemums
The following tables can be helpful when determining the grading code for the weight of chrysanthemums. We recommend weighing several boxes to ascertain the correct grading code. The tables assume a weight of an empty box (packaging code 519) being 1.6 kg on average. The tables are merely a tool to help meet the grading criteria given in the VBN product specifications. Use of the tables is not required, and no rights can be derived from them. You can find the weight table under the heading "Additional attachments Product Specifications" on the Homepage of the VBN website (Weight table for Chrysanthemums).
Grading codes overview
S20 = Minimum stem length
S21 = (Branch)weight (average)
S05 = Maturity stage
S56 = Cultivation method
L11 = Number of stems per bunch
S35 = Minimum bundle weight
S50 = Flower color
- Cut flowers are delivered for shipment in cut flower containers or in boxes.
- Cut flowers must be supplied in packaging materials approved by the VBN.
- For cut flowers which are supplied standing in water in a container, clean drinking water (with the prescribed pre-treatment agents added to it) must be used. There must be sufficient water to prevent the flowers from becoming dry during the auction process. At the moment of inspection, a maximum of 5 cm water may be in the container. The water level is measured without the flowers in the container.
- A single-use box may not be used more than once.
- Products, including those with thorns, needles, hard branches and/or sharp leaf edges, and also products with (projecting) supporting materials must be packed so as to prevent the risk of any form of injury and/or damage to humans and/or the products’ surroundings during sale.
- Packaging must be chosen that properly protects the cut flowers during transport and sale in the rest of the chain.
Spray chrysanthemums form the glasshouse should be supplied in a box (packing code 519) and:
- should be supplied in bunches of 5 stems;
- each bunch should be packed in a sleeve;
- have 80 items per box except:
- for light chrysanthemums of 40 g or less 120 items per box;
- for chrysanthemums with heavy, large flowers or a wide branch structure (85 g or more), 60 items per box are allowed to prevent damage (the auctioneers and the Quality Department will supervise this).
Spray chrysanthemums from the glasshouse should be supplied in water in a container (packing code 577) and:
- have a maximum average weight of 40 grams;
- be supplied in bunches of 5 stems;
- be bundled in bundles of 5 bunches;
- each bundle be packed in a sleeve.
Santini should be supplied in water in a container (packing code 544) and:
- be supplied in bunches of 5 stems;
- be bundled in bundles of 5 bunches;
- each bundle be packed in a sleeve;
- Santini with a length of 50 cm or less may also be supplied in the small container (packing code 566).
Or
- be supplied in bunches of 25 stems;
- be packed in a sleeve per bunch of 25 stems.
Disbud chrysanthemum from the glasshouse and outdoors should be supplied in a box (packing code 519) and:
- be supplied in bunches of 10 stems;
- each bunch be packed in a sleeve.
Disbud chrysanthemums from the glasshouse and outdoors should be supplied in a container (packing codes 577 or 997) and:
- be supplied in bunches of 10 stems;
- each bunch be packed in a sleeve.
Spray chrysanthemums from outdoors should be supplied in a box (packing code 519) and:
- be supplied in bunches of 5 stems;
- have 80 items per box except:
- for light chrysanthemums 100 or 120 items per box;
- for chrysanthemums with heavy, large flowers or a wide branch structure, 60 items per box are allowed to prevent damage (the auctioneers and the Quality Department will supervise this).
- may be sleeved, but this is not a requirement.
Spray chrysanthemum from outdoors should be supplied in water in a container (packing code 577) and:
- be supplied in bunches of 5 stems;
- may be sleeved, but this is not a requirement.
If chrysanthemums are traded in bunches (and not per item), then the bunch should have at least 5 branches and all bunches in the lot should be uniform in volume.
- Optimal loading must be realised, whereby the volume of the bunches determines the number of supplied bunches per container unit.
- There must be at least 5 cm free space between the product and the tray above it in the stacking cart.
Specific loading regulations apply to certain elements of the supply of chrysanthemums. In all other cases, the packaging must be full.
For spray chrysanthemums (except those from outdoors), the minimum number of branches per packaged unit should be packed, depending on the average weight of the lot:
Overview loading of spray chrysanthemums
For disbud chrysanthemums, the minimum number of branches per packaged unit should be packed, depending on the average weight of the lot:
Overview loading of disbud chrysanthemums
For Santini, the minimum number of branches per packaged unit should be packed, depending on the average weight of the lot:
Overview loading of Santini
Every stacking cart must be accompanied by a fully and correctly filled-in consignment note containing at least the following information provided by the supplier:
- supplier information: company name, address, supplier's number;
- auction or selling date;
- number of container units;
- number of pieces per container unit/packing unit;
- VBN container code;
- VBN product code: the code must be chosen which describes the product as accurately as possible;
- grading code;
- accompanying product description;
- type of stacking cart: auction stacking cart or Danish container (if applicable);
- auction or product group (if applicable);
- positive quality comment (if applicable);
- method of trade.
It's obligatory to label every packaging unit(e.g. bucket, box) with product andsuppliers information, namely:
- Suppliers number;
- Variety name;
- Amount (e.g. stems)per packaging (bucket, etc.).
It is advised to add the grading codes and the name of the supplier as well.
It is mandatory to accompany lots with a representative lot photo.
Genetically modified products must be made identifiable as such by means of correct indication of their GM nature in the product information.
- We advise you to indicate the following text on the sleeves of cut flowers that are wrapped in a sleeve per bunch or per bundle: “This product is exclusively intended for decorative purposes and is not intended for internal use. In the event of incorrect use, consumption, contact and/or allergy the product may have harmful consequences for humans and/or animals”.
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It is urgently recommended to deliver / supply the products cooled in the vicinity of the optimum storage temperature associated with the product concerned.
If the above requirements are not met, the auction reserves the right to impose a penalty.